Table 4. Final partial proportional odds model results for increasing locomotion score with covariates (cow level factors and farm characteristics) adhering to the proportional odds assumption.
| Variable | Category | Estimate | Standard Error | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Udder cleanliness [44] | Free of dirt | Reference | - | - | - |
| Slightly dirty | 0.17 | 0.05 | 1.18 | 1.07–1.31 | |
| Moderately covered with dirt | 0.40 | 0.08 | 1.48 | 1.28–1.72 | |
| Covered with caked on dirt | 0.33 | 0.13 | 1.40 | 1.09–1.79 | |
| Body condition scorea [45–49] | Optimal | Reference | - | - | - |
| Overconditioned | -0.26 | 0.06 | 0.77 | 0.69–0.86 | |
| Underconditioned | 0.52 | 0.07 | 1.69 | 1.46–1.95 | |
| Hock lesions [42, 43] | No skin change | Reference | - | - | - |
| Hairless Spot | 0.35 | 0.06 | 1.42 | 1.27–1.59 | |
| Swelling (no wound) | 0.94 | 0.12 | 2.57 | 2.05–3.23 | |
| Wound (no swelling) | 0.90 | 0.10 | 2.47 | 2.02–3 02 | |
| Swelling and wound | 1.85 | 0.15 | 6.35 | 4.77–8.46 | |
| Parity | 1 | Reference | - | - | - |
| 2 | 0.47 | 0.06 | 1.61 | 1.42–1.83 | |
| ≥ 3 | 1.02 | 0.06 | 2.78 | 2.47–3.13 | |
| Somatic Cell Countb | 1 | Reference | - | - | - |
| 2 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 1.20 | 1.07–1.34 | |
| 3 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 1.29 | 1.12–1.48 | |
| Type of flooring | Solid | Reference | - | - | - |
| Slatted | 0.02 | 0.10 | 1.02 | 0.84–1.25 | |
| Flooring surface | Concrete | Reference | - | - | - |
| Rubber | -0.17 | 0.12 | 0.84 | 0.66–1.07 | |
| Pasture access | Absent | Reference | - | - | - |
| Present | -0 26 | 0.12 | 0.77 | 0.60–0.98 | |
| Farm sizec | Small (< 44 cows) | Reference | - | - | - |
| Medium (44–77 cows) | -0.08 | 0.12 | 0.94 | 0.75–1.18 | |
| Large (> 77 cows) | -0.002 | 0.17 | 1.09 | 0.79–1.50 |
a categorised; cf. S1 Table.
b 1: < 50.35 × 1,000 cells/ml; 2: < 50.35 × 1,000 cells/ml to < 192.49 × 1,000 cells/ml, 3: ≥192.49 × 1,000 cells/ml.
c categorised; small < 44 cows, medium 44–77 cows, large > 77 cows.