. 2012 Dec 8;5(6):833–844. doi: 10.1159/000345963

Table 3.

Multivariable logistic regression model of dog ownership as a predictor of overweight or obese at 7 years, adjusted for confounding factors

Outcome variable	Model 1 (adjusted for variables indicated in Westgarth et al. [25] model of dog ownership^*)			Model 2 (adjusted for variables indicated in Reilly et al. [5], with addition of maternal social class^$)
	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
Overweight or obese
Dog at 7 years
No	1.00			1.00
Yes	1.11	0.92–1.35	0.28	1.07	0.86–1.34	0.52
Number of dogs at 7 years
None	1.00			1.00
Single	1.09	0.89–1.35	0.40	1.09	0.86–1.39	0.46
Multiple	1.18	0.81–1.74	0.39	0.99	0.63–1.57	0.98
Dog ownership history (up to 7 years)
Sometimes	1.00			1.00
Never	0.80	0.64–0.99	0.04		0.89	0.69–1.16	0.41
Always	0.89	0.67–1.18	0.43	1.01	0.72–1.41	0.97

Obese							Dog at 7 years
No				1.00
Yes	1.30	1.00–1.70	0.05		1.18	0.88–1.59	0.27
Number of dogs at 7 years
None	1.00			1.00
Single	1.25	0.94–1.67	0.13	1.22	0.88–1.68	0.23
Multiple	1.52	0.92–2.50	0.10	1.03	0.55–1.93	0.92
Dog ownership history (up to 7 years)
Sometimes	1.00			1.00
Never	0.69	0.51–0.93	0.01		0.80	0.56–1.14	0.21
Always	0.79	0.54–1.16	0.23	0.82	0.52–1.31	0.41

n = 4,979. Adjusted for concurrent ownership of bird, fish, ‘other’ pet, number of people in household, presence of an older sibling, maternal social class, paternal social class, paternal education, maternal age at delivery, house type, whether mother owned pets as a child.

n = 3,866. Adjusted for maternal education, maternal social class, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental obesity, gender of child, birth weight, TV watching at 38 months, sleep duration at 30 months.