Table 2.
Participant Characteristics (Medians) Stratified by Trial β-Carotene Supplementation and Nicotine Level of Cigarette Smoked
| No β-carotene | Yes β-carotene | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ventilated filter | Unventilated filter | No filter | Ventilated filter | Unventilated filter | No filter | |
| ≤0.8 µg | >0.8 to ≤1.3 µg | >1.3 µg | ≤0.8 µg | >0.8 to ≤1.3 µg | >1.3 µg | |
| n = 3491 | n = 9700 | n = 1382 | n = 3639 | n = 9509 | n = 1412 | |
| Age at randomization (y) | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 |
| Age at diagnosis (y) | 72 | 71 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 70 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 | 26.0 | 25.6 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 26.0 |
| Years smoked current cigarette | 5 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 10 |
| Years smoked regularly | 35 | 36 | 39 | 36 | 36 | 40 |
| Age when started to smoke (y) | 20 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 18 |
| Total number of cigarettes per day | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Serum concentrations | ||||||
| Baseline α-tocopherol (mg/L) | 11.9 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 12.0 | 11.4 | 11.0 |
| Baseline β-carotene (µg/L) | 185 | 170 | 135 | 185 | 171 | 137 |
| Follow-up β-carotene (µg/L) | 192 | 179 | 146 | 2991 | 2968 | 2735 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.0 |
| Retinol (µg/L) | 581 | 576 | 556 | 582 | 578 | 555 |
| Dietary intake per day | ||||||
| Alcohol (g) | 10.6 | 11.1 | 13.4 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 13 |
| Total calories (kcal) | 2527 | 2627 | 2610 | 2538 | 2620 | 2638 |
| Dietary retinol (µg) | 1219 | 1270 | 1155 | 1206 | 1267 | 1182 |
| Dietary fatty acids (g) | 92.3 | 98.0 | 94.8 | 93.1 | 97.7 | 98.0 |
BMI = body mass index.