Table 5.
Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA‐IR indices across subjects according to sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) status
| Pre‐intervention sarcopenic subjects (mean ± SD)/median | Post‐intervention sarcopenic subjects (mean ± SD)/median | Non‐sarcopenic subjects (mean ± SD)/median | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | DMa | non‐DM | Total | DM | non‐DM | Total | DM | non‐DM | |
| Fasting glucose mmol/L (P * value) |
5.44 ± 1.2 (P 1 < 0.004) |
7.14 ± 1.5 |
5.17 ± 1.0 (P 1 = 0.011) |
5.87 ± 1.3 (P 2 = 0.019) |
7.37 ± 1.8 (P 2 = 0.800) |
5.62 ± 1.0 (P 2 = 0.015) |
5.06 ± 1.1 (P 3 = 0.346) |
6.12 ± 0.2 (P 3 = 0.800) |
4.96 ± 1.1 (P 3 = 0.436) |
| Insulin pmol/L (P value) |
22.19 ± 17.4 (P 1 = 0.027) |
27.39 ± 24.1 |
21.19 ± 15.9 (P 1 < 0.001) |
80.47 ± 99.8 (P 2 < 0.001) |
67.47 ± 53.5 (P 2 = 0.801) |
82.88 ± 106.7 (P 2 = 0.016) |
31.26 ± 24.3 (P 3 = 0.027) |
73.71 ± 77.3 (P 3 = 0.327) |
29.63 ± 20.6 (P 3 = 0.026) |
| HOMA‐IR (P value) |
0.54 (P 1 = 0.074) |
0.41 |
0.58 (P 1 = 0.069) |
1.16 (P 2 = 0.167) |
1.64 (P 2 = 0.904) |
1.06 (P 2 = 0.159) |
0.66 (P 3 = 0.212) |
2.84 (P 3 = 0.200) |
0.59 (P 3 = 0.503) |
DM, diabetes mellitus; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance.
a
The sample size was too small for meaningful P value calculations.
*
The P 1 value represents the significance of differences between pre‐intervention and post‐intervention, the P 2 value represents the significance of differences between post‐intervention sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic elderly subjects, and the P 3 value represents the significance of differences between pre‐intervention sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic elderly subjects. P value was calculated by Mann–Whitney U test.