Table 1.
The multifactorial role of the SCFAs in energy homeostasis in host immune function and host physiology [25,27,28]. GABA, gamma-Aminobutyric acid; CNS, Central Nervous System; ENS, Enteric Nervous system; PYY, Peptide YY; GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide-1.
| CNS Activity | Metabolic Regulations | Immune Homeostasis |
|---|---|---|
| GABA production in CNS Modulation of ENS and CNS function Serotonin biosynthesis |
Energy source Intestinal gluconeogenesis Antilipolytic activity (WAT) Lepitin production (WAT) Release of major appetite and glucose regulatory peptides (PYY, GPL1) (L-cell) |
Enhancement of IL-10 (DC) IL-18 biosynthesis (IEC) Treg polarization Reduction of TNF, IL-6, IFN (DC) IEC barrier fortification IgA promotion |