Table 4. Hospitalized Illness Severity Indicators Among Infant Hospitalizations for Unspecified Bronchiolitis in KID, 1997−2012.
| Mechanical Ventilation Use(% hospitalizations) | Inpatient Mortality*(% hospitalizations) | Length of Stay, da,d | Total Charges, USDa,b | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 2012 | ptrend | 1997 | 2012 | ptrend | 1997 | 2012 | ptrend | 1997 | 2012 | ptrend | ||
| Groups at High-risk for RSV | |||||||||||||
| Higher-risk CHD | 5.8 | 17.4 | <0.01 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.17 | 3.31 | 4.88 | <0.01 | 10,197.25 | 33,478.07 | <0.01 | |
| Lower-risk CHD | 3.0 | 14.1 | <0.01 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.65 | 3.18 | 4.48 | <0.01 | 9008.58 | 27,248.36 | <0.01 | |
| CLD | 7.7 | 15.5 | <0.01 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.40 | 4.25 | 4.76 | 0.10 | 11,828.65 | 28,470.17 | <0.01 | |
| Down syndrome without CHD | 0.8 | 5.3 | <0.01 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.24 | 3.47 | 3.07 | 0.69 | 10,014.61 | 16,944.97 | <0.01 | |
| Congenital airway anomalies | 4.8 | 14.5 | <0.01 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.32 | 3.88 | 4.02 | 0.34 | 11,132.18 | 25,872.59 | <0.01 | |
| Other high-risk conditionc | 6.3 | 13.8 | 0.01 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.53 | 4.34 | 3.92 | 0.54 | 10,585.86 | 27,117.94 | <0.01 | |
| Overall | 5.4 | 13.5 | <0.01 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.39 | 3.67 | 4.11 | <0.01 | 10,376.88 | 25,962.23 | <0.01 | |
| Non−high-risk | 0.7 | 2.4 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.83 | 2.28 | 1.96 | <0.01 | 5432.05 | 10,289.26 | <0.01 | |
CHD, congenital heart disease; CLD, chronic lung disease; KID, Kids’ Inpatient Database; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus
UB, unspecified bronchiolitis.
a Geometric mean.
b Adjusted to 2015 USD.
c Other high risks: cystic fibrosis with pulmonary manifestations, neuromuscular disease, HIV, immunodeficiency, and congenital and metabolic conditions.
d A value of 0.01 was assigned to zero values in order to perform log-transformation.
* Small sample size.
If ICD-9 codes for higher-risk CHD and lower-risk CHD were both associated with a hospitalization, the hospitalization was recorded as higher-risk CHD. Down syndrome without CHD is mutually exclusive of higher-risk CHD and lower-risk CHD. Furthermore, the other high-risk group is mutually exclusive of higher-risk CHD, lower-risk CHD, CLD, Down syndrome without CHD, and congenital airway anomalies.