Figure 1. Kainic acid (KA) and carbachol (CCh) evoke robust oscillations in vitro in adult neocortex.
(A) Experimental time course: comparisons of human and rodent development are adapted from (Andersen, 2003). Cannabinoids were administered to mice either for 6 days during early (P35–P40) or late adolescence (P47–P52), or for 20 days from P35–P55. LFPs were recorded in vitro from adult mice (>P80). (B) One-second example of LFPs recorded in vitro from mPFC of an adult mouse exposed to a vehicle solution from P35–P55. LFPs were recorded before (Baseline) and after perfusion of KA (400 nM) + CCh (20 μM), which together evoke robust oscillations in LFPs. Oscillation power is quantified in the accompanying Fourier transform of 10-second LFP recordings. KA + CCh (black trace) increases power at all frequencies [theta (θ; 4–7 Hz); alpha (α 8–12 Hz); beta (β; 13–29 Hz); gamma (γ 30–80 Hz)] relative to baseline conditions (gray trace). (C) Similar to B, but example LFPs and Fourier transforms are from adult SCx. Note that KA + CCh evokes gamma oscillations in SCx that have approximately double the power as those recorded in mPFC.