Table 1.
Multivariable logistic model for lung cancer by smoking status
| Risk Factor | P Value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Never smoker | ||
| ETS (yes vs no) | .0042 | 1.80 (1.20–2.89) |
| Family history (≥2 vs <2)a | <.001 | 2.00 (1.39–2.90) |
| Former smoker | ||
| Emphysema (yes vs no) | <.001 | 2.65 (1.95–3.60) |
| Dust exposure (yes vs no) | <.001 | 1.59 (1.29–1.97) |
| Family History (≥2 vs <2)a | <.001 | 1.59 (1.28–1.98) |
| Age stopped smoking | ||
| <42 years | Reference | |
| 42–54 years | .1110 | 1.24 (0.95–1.61) |
| ≥54 years | .0018 (P for trend = .017) | 1.50 (1.16–1.94) |
| Current smoker | ||
| Emphysema (yes) | <.001 | 2.13 (1.58–2.88) |
| Pack-years | ||
| <28 | Reference | |
| 28–41.9 | .1932 | 1.25 (0.89–1.74) |
| 42–57.4 | .0241 | 1.45 (1.05–2.01) |
| ≥57.5 | <.001 (P for trend <.001) | 1.85 (1.35–2.53) |
| Dust exposure (yes vs no) | .0075 | 1.36 (1.09–1.70) |
| Asbestos exposure (yes vs no) | .0127 | 1.51 (1.09–2.08) |
| Family historyb | ||
| 0 | Reference | |
| ≥1 | .0021 | 1.47 (1.15–1.88) |
a
Number of first-degree relatives with any cancer.
b
Number of first-degree relatives with a smoking-related cancers, such as lung cancers, cancers, renal cancer, cancers of upper digestive tract, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, and cervix.
Data from Spitz MR, Hong WK, Amos CI, et al. A risk model for prediction of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99(9):715–26.