Table 2.
Association between randomized multivitamin assignment and the risk of major cardiovascular events and mortality in the Physicians' Health Study II.a
| Outcome | Multivitamin | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active (n=7,317) | Placebo (n=7,324) | Hazard Ratiob (95% CI) | ||
| Major cardiovascular eventsc | 876d | 856 | 1.01 (0.91–1.10) | 0.9 |
| Total myocardial infarctione | 317 | 335 | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) | 0.39 |
| Myocardial infarction death | 27 | 43 | 061 (0.38–1.00) | 0.048 |
| Total strokee | 332 | 311 | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 0.48 |
| Stroke death | 89 | 76 | 1.16 (0.85–1.58) | 0.34 |
| Ischemic strokef | 277 | 250 | 1.10 (0.92–1.30) | 0.29 |
| Hemorrhagic strokef | 49 | 45 | 1.08 (0.72–1.63) | 0.69 |
| Cardiovascular death | 408 | 421 | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 0.47 |
| Total mortalityg | 1,345 | 1,412 | 0.94 (0.88–1.02) | 0.13 |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval
Mean follow-up of 11.2 years for all 14,641 men through June 1, 2011.
Adjusted for age, PHS cohort (original PHS I participant, new PHS participant), randomized beta-carotene assignment, randomized vitamin E assignment, and randomized vitamin C assignment and stratified on baseline CVD.
Defined as a composite endpoint consisting of the first of any of the following individual events: nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death. The individual events do not sum to the total because each individual analysis assesses the first event that occurs during follow-up. Therefore, a participant who (e.g.) has a myocardial infarction then dies of cardiovascular disease would be counted for both individual events, but only once for the primary endpoint of major cardiovascular events.
Number of events.
Includes both nonfatal and fatal events.
Stroke type was unknown for 6 men in the active multivitamin group and 16 men in the placebo multivitamin group.
Additionally stratified on baseline cancer.