FIG. 5.
Cone-and-plate shear device. Shown is a schematic of the modified cone-and-plate shear apparatus. The cone has a fixed 0.5° angle and is machined out of Teflon block. The entire shear system except for the computer controller unit is housed in a humidified tissue culture incubator (5% CO2, 37°C). The cone is rotated back and forth or unidirectionally through an in-house computer program and a stepping motor to generate oscillatory shear (OS) and laminar shear (LS), respectively, or to mimic in vivo flow profiles. Reprinted with permission from Jo et al. (73).