Appendix 2.
Comparing Characteristics of the SOF cohort among quartiles of robustness (pseudo-F statistic for goodness of extended cosine fit).
| Robustness (pseudo-F value) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OVERALL | <523 | 523 – 773 | 774 – 1096 | >=1097 | P-value | ||
| (N= 3027) | (N= 756) | (N= 757) | (N= 757) | (N= 757) | |||
| Age (y), mean (+/− SD) | 83.56 +/− 3.79 | 84.41 +/− 4.26 | 83.72 +/− 3.76 | 83.26 +/− 3.58 | 82.85 +/− 3.33 | <.0001 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (+/− SD) | 27.04 +/− 4.99 | 28.44 +/− 5.79 | 27.13 +/− 4.86 | 26.65 +/− 4.72 | 26.03 +/− 4.24 | <.0001 | |
| African-American, (n) % | 323 (10.67) | 95 (12.57) | 80 (10.57) | 65 (8.59) | 83 (10.96) | 0.10 | |
| Any IADL impairments, (n) % | 1594 (52.96) | 540 (72) | 416 (55.47) | 360 (47.56) | 278 (36.92) | <.0001 | |
| History of any medical condition, (n) % | 1876 (62.08) | 539 (71.49) | 492 (65.08) | 441 (58.41) | 404 (53.37) | <.0001 | |
| History of stroke, (n) % | 398 (13.17) | 146 (19.36) | 96 (12.7) | 91 (12.04) | 65 (8.59) | <.0001 | |
| History of diabetes, (n) % | 335 (11.08) | 119 (15.78) | 99 (13.1) | 61 (8.07) | 56 (7.4) | <.0001 | |
| History of cardiovascular disease, (n) % | 1000 (33.08) | 296 (39.26) | 271 (35.85) | 225 (29.76) | 208 (27.48) | <.0001 | |
| History of cancer, (n) % | 668 (22.11) | 161 (21.38) | 178 (23.54) | 169 (22.38) | 160 (21.14) | 0.66 | |
| Currently taking benzodiazepine, (n) % | 219 (7.24) | 51 (6.75) | 68 (9.02) | 54 (7.14) | 46 (6.08) | 0.15 | |
| Currently taking antidepressants, (n) % | 413 (13.66) | 128 (16.93) | 104 (13.79) | 87 (11.51) | 94 (12.42) | 0.01 | |
| Current sleep medication user, (n) % | 33 (1.09) | 5 (0.66) | 9 (1.19) | 5 (0.66) | 14 (1.85) | 0.08 | |
| Geriatric Depression Scale score >=6, (n) % | 355 (11.75) | 131 (17.4) | 89 (11.79) | 69 (9.13) | 66 (8.73) | 0.08 | |
| MMSE score, mean (+/− SD) | 27.86 +/− 2 | 27.49 +/− 2.26 | 27.95 +/− 1.93 | 27.91 +/− 1.97 | 28.06 +/− 1.77 | <.0001 | |
| Current smoker, (n) % | 84 (2.78) | 29 (3.85) | 22 (2.91) | 20 (2.65) | 13 (1.72) | 0.09 | |
| Average drinks per day in past 30 days, mean (+/− SD) | 0.50 +/− 0.71 | 0.36 +/− 0.66 | 0.49 +/− 0.74 | 0.51 +/− 0.69 | 0.64 +/− 0.73 | <.0001 | |
| Average caffeine intake (mg/d), mean (+/− SD) | 151 +/− 154 | 132 +/− 140 | 144 +/− 153 | 151 +/− 156 | 177 +/− 165 | <.0001 | |
| Walks for exercise, n (%) | 1114 (37.29) | 218 (29.3) | 288 (38.4) | 300 (40.11) | 308 (41.34) | <.0001 | |
| Married, n (%) | 794 (26.27) | 133 (17.64) | 202 (26.72) | 209 (27.65) | 250 (33.03) | <.0001 | |
| Trouble sleeping in past month due to pain, n (%) | |||||||
| None | 2018 (66.75) | 482 (63.93) | 495 (65.48) | 513 (67.86) | 528 (69.75) | 0.04 | |
| <once/week | 287 (9.49) | 72 (9.55) | 63 (8.33) | 80 (10.58) | 72 (9.51) | ||
| 1–2 times/week | 333 (11.02) | 89 (11.80) | 104 (13.76) | 74 (9.79) | 66 (8.72) | ||
| 3+ times/week | 385 (12.74) | 111 (14.72) | 94 (12.43) | 89 (11.77) | 91 (12.02) | ||
| Self-reported health status, (n) % | |||||||
| Poor/very poor | 66 (2.18) | 37 (4.91) | 12 (1.59) | 8 (1.06) | 9 (1.19) | <.0001 | |
| Fair | 680 (22.49) | 232 (30.77) | 180 (23.81) | 139 (18.39) | 129 (17.04) | ||
| Good/excellent | 2277 (75.32) | 485 (64.32) | 564 (74.6) | 609 (80.56) | 619 (81.77) | ||
*
Values of p for continuous data are from ANOVA for normally distributed data and a Kruskal-Wallis test for skewed data. Values of p for categorical data are from a chi-squared test for homogeneity.
SOF=Study of Osteoporotic Fractures; MMSE=Mini-Mental State Examination; SD=standard deviation;IADL=instrumental activities of daily living.