Figure 4. Hedonic hotspots and hedonic circuits.
Hedonic hotspots are shown in nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and brainstem parabrachial nucleus where opioid or other signals cause amplification of core ‘liking’ reactions to sweetness. Reprinted by permission from (Smith et al., 2010), based on (Kringelbach, 2005; Peciña et al., 2006; Smith and Berridge, 2007).