Table 6.
Cox proportional hazards model for all strokes
| Variables | P | Hazard ratio* | 95% confidence interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Year) | <0.001 | 1.07 | (1.05, 1.09) |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 0.77 | 0.95 | (0.71, 1.28) |
| Systolic blood pressure (per 20 mm Hg) | 0.2 | 1.10 | (1.0, 1.22) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (per 10 mm Hg) | 0.02 | 1.21 | (1.1, 1.48) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.43 | 0.98 | (0.94, 1.03) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.95 | 1.00 | (0.98, 1.02) |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.8 | 0.98 | (0.85, 1.14) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.08 | 0.67 | (0.43, 1.05) |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 0.9 | 0.99 | (0.84, 1.17) |
| Physical activity (hours/week) | 0.68 | 1.00 | (0.99, 1.01) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | <0.001 | 1.07 | (1.04, 1.1) |
| Current smoking (vs. never smoking) | <0.001 | 2.38 | (1.69, 3.36) |
| Past smoking (vs. never smoking) | 0.006 | 1.6 | (1.14, 2.25) |
| Current alcohol users (vs. never users) | 0.23 | 0.78 | (0.51, 1.17) |
| Past alcohol users (vs. never users) | 0.87 | 1.03 | (0.7, 1.48) |
| Microalbuminuria (vs. normal) | <0.001 | 1.73 | (1.25, 2.38) |
| Macroalbuminuria (vs. normal) | <0.001 | 3.3 | (2.29, 4.77) |
| Alternative models | |||
| Hypertension and pre-hypertension were put in the model instead of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, other covariates are the same. | |||
| Hypertension (vs. normotensive)* | <0.001 | 2.2 | (1.5, 3.2) |
| Pre-hypertension (vs. normotensive)* | 0.005 | 1.75 | (1.18, 2.59) |
| HbA1c was put in the model instead of fasting glucose, all other covariates are the same. | |||
| HbA1c (%)† | <0.001 | 1.15 | (1.08, 1.21) |
| Diabetes and impaired glucose were put in the model instead of fasting glucose. All other covariates are the same. | |||
| Diabetes (vs. normal glucose tolerance) ‡ | <0.001 | 2.05 | (1.41, 3.0) |
| Impaired glucose metabolism (vs. normal glucose tolerance) | 0.49 | 1.17 | (0.75, 1.8) |