Table 1.
Clinical characteristics at baseline and during the study.
| APACHE III quartile |
Severe sepsis |
90-d Mortality |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | All | I | II | III | IV | Yes | No | Dead | Alive |
| n (%) | 939 (100) | 239 (25.5) | 233 (24.8) | 239 (25.5) | 228 (24.3) | 305 (32.5) | 634 (67.5) | 104 (11.1) | 835 (88.9) |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 69.2 (15.8) | 56.4 (15.6) | 69.3 (14.2) | 75.2 (11.8) | 76.2 (12.8) | 71.8 (14.5) | 68.0 (16.2) | 77.7 (11.9) | 68.1 (15.9) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 483 (51.4) | 105 (43.9) | 109 (46.8) | 130 (54.4) | 139 (61.0) | 183 (60.0) | 300 (47.3) | 63 (60.6) | 41 (50.3) |
| White, mean (SD) | 818 (87.1) | 195 (81.6) | 198 (85.0) | 220 (92.1) | 205 (89.9) | 272 (89.2) | 546 (86.1) | 98 (94.2) | 720 (86.2) |
| Chronic conditions | |||||||||
| Charlson score, mean (SD)a | 1.8 (2.2) | 0.8 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.8) | 2.1 (2.3) | 2.9 (2.8) | 2.0 (2.3) | 1.7 (2.2) | 3.0 (2.8) | 1.7 (2.1) |
| Any comorbidity, n (%) | 651 (69.3) | 133 (55.6) | 148 (63.5) | 187 (78.2) | 183 (80.3) | 224 (73.4) | 427 (67.4) | 87 (83.7) | 564 (67.5) |
| Respiratory, n (%) | 343 (36.5) | 87 (36.4) | 80 (34.3) | 87 (36.4) | 89 (39.0) | 105 (34.4) | 238 (37.5) | 35 (33.7) | 308 (36.9) |
| Cardiovascular, n (%) | 212 (22.6) | 29 (12.1) | 52 (22.3) | 74 (30.9) | 57 (25.0) | 76 (24.9) | 136 (21.5) | 28 (26.9) | 184 (22.0) |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 1 (0.001) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.004) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.002) | 1 (0.001) | 0 (0.0) |
| From nursing home, n (%) | 49 (5.2) | 3 (1.3) | 4 (1.7) | 18 (7.5) | 24 (10.5) | 31 (10.2) | 18 (2.8) | 18 (17.3) | 31 (3.7) |
| Pneumonia Severity (SD) Index, mean | 98.2 (35.9) | 65.2 (22.5) | 88.1 (22.1) | 107.1 (24.0) | 133.6 (33.1) | 117.0 (38.1) | 89.1 (30.9) | 135.8 (40.2) | 93.5 (32.4) |
| APACHE III, mean (SD) | 57.0 (17.1) | 36.8 (7.5) | 51.0 (2.6) | 61.3 (3.4) | 79.8 (11.2) | 65.5 (18.8) | 52.9 (14.6) | 73.3 (19.1) | 55.0 (15.7) |
| Symptom duration prior to ED presentation, d, mean (SD) | 4.7 (6.9) | 5.2 (7.1) | 4.9 (7.3) | 4.6 (6.3) | 4.2 (6.7) | 4.3 (6.7) | 4.9 (7.0) | 4.8 (9.0) | 4.7 (6.6) |
| Received antibiotics prior to presentation, n (%) | 184 (19.6) | 57 (23.8) | 47 (20.2) | 40 (16.7) | 40 (17.5) | 51 (16.7) | 133 (21.0) | 12 (11.5) | 172 (20.6) |
| ATS-compliant initial antibiotics, n (%)b | 739 (78.7) | 194 (81.2) | 188 (80.7) | 186 (77.8) | 171 (0.75) | 238 (78.0) | 501 (79.0) | 79 (76.0) | 660 (79.0) |
| Hospital length of stay, d, mean (SD) | 7.3 (4.8) | 6.0 (3.3) | 6.7 (4.6) | 7.5 (4.6) | 8.9 (6.0) | 9.9 (6.6) | 6.0 (2.9) | 9.4 (6.1) | 7.0 (4.6) |
| Intensive care unit admission, n (%) | 151 (16.1) | 20 (8.3) | 22 (9.4) | 38 (15.9) | 71 (31.1) | 111 (36.3) | 40 (6.3) | 40 (38.5) | 111 (13.3) |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 60 (6.4) | 11 (4.6) | 6 (2.6) | 12 (5.0) | 31 (13.6) | 60 (19.7) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (24.0) | 35 (4.2) |