TABLE 2.
Microarray analysis of IFN-related genesa
| Gene product | Log2 fold change compared to mock-treated cells
|
|
|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV | Influenza A virus | |
| Beta interferon | NC | 7.1 |
| Alpha interferon 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 21b | NC | NC |
| Omega interferon | NC | NC |
| Interferon-stimulated gene, 20 kDa | 6.8 | NC |
| Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 | 4.9 | 3.5 |
| Alpha interferon-inducible protein (clone IFI-15K) | 3.8 | 2.5 |
| Interferon-inducible guanylate binding protein 1, 67 kDa | 3.7 | 2.6 |
| Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 4 | 3.7 | 2.6 |
| Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (9-27) | 3.4 | NC |
| Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78 (mouse) | 3 | 1.1 |
| Interferon-induced protein 44 | 2.7 | NC |
| Interferon-induced protein 35 | 1.9 | NC |
| Retinoic acid- and interferon-inducible protein (58 kDa) | 1.9 | 3.3 |
| Alpha interferon-inducible protein 27 | 1.7 | NC |
| Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (1-8U) | 1.7 | NC |
| Protein kinase, interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA dependent | 1.6 | NC |
| Alpha interferon-inducible protein (clone IFI-6-16) | 1.5 | NC |
| Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 (1-8D) | 1.2 | NC |
| Gamma interferon-inducible protein 16 | 1.1 | NC |
| Interferon-stimulated transcription factor 3, gamma 48 kDa | 1.1 | NC |
| Interferon-inducible guanylate binding protein 2 | 1 | NC |
Macrophages were infected at an MOI between 1 and 2, and RNAs were extracted at 3 h postinfection. RNAs were pooled from three different donors, and gene expression was analyzed with an Affymetrix U133A Genechip microarray. Many of the IFN-stimulated genes, but not IFN- α/β, were up-regulated in SARS-CoV-infected macrophages and are shown relative to influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. A significant up-regulation in gene expression is indicated by an increase of twofold or more and was accompanied by a positive signal intensity call by the Microarray Suite Expression Analysis software, version 5 (Affymetrix Inc.). Only genes that have at least twofold change compared to mock-treated cells are shown. NC, no change compared with mock-treated macrophages.
Alpha interferon 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 21 were tested individually, but none of their genes were up-regulated.